Chicken tortilla soup is a classic Mexican dish that has become popularized in the United States. It’s a hearty, spicy soup made with shredded chicken, tomatoes, onions, garlic, tortilla strips, and garnished with avocado, cilantro, lime, and cheese. But why is it called “chicken tortilla soup”? The name comes from two of the key ingredients – chicken and tortillas.
History of Chicken Tortilla Soup
The origins of chicken tortilla soup can be traced back to Mexico. Tortillas and chicken have been staple ingredients in Mexican cuisine dating back to pre-Columbian times. The ancient Aztecs and Mayans domesticated turkeys and chickens, and corn tortillas were a dietary mainstay. Over the centuries, recipes evolved combining these ingredients into soups and stews.
Some sources cite the state of Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico as the birthplace of modern chicken tortilla soup. The arid climate of northern Mexico lends itself well to making flavorful soups and broths. The rich, spicy flavors we associate with chicken tortilla soup today developed out of regional cooking styles.
As Mexican immigrants came to the United States, they brought chicken tortilla soup north of the border. In the 1980s and 1990s, Mexican restaurants began popularizing the dish on menus across the country. It quickly became a favorite for its bold flavors and hearty ingredients.
Why “Chicken Tortilla Soup”?
The name clearly derives from the two most recognizable components – chicken and tortillas. Let’s look at the significance of each:
Chicken
Chicken plays an essential role, providing protein and flavor. Shredded chicken breast or thigh meat is simmered in broth, absorbing spices and seasoning. This gives a soft, tender texture and juicy chicken flavor to every bite. The soup would not be nearly as satisfying without this key ingredient.
Tortillas
Corn tortilla strips are the other defining component. Fried or baked tortilla strips infuse the broth with a sweet corn taste and fun crispy texture. Tortillas have been an integral part of Mexican cuisine for thousands of years. Adding tortilla strips to the soup pays homage to the ancient roots of this dish.
Beyond these two central elements, recipes can vary widely by region or individual tastes. But the name “chicken tortilla soup” references the tandem of chicken and tortillas that sets it apart from other soups.
Common Ingredients
While specific ingredients can vary, most chicken tortilla soup recipes call for a similar lineup beyond just chicken and tortillas. Here are some other commonly used ingredients:
Tomatoes
Fresh tomatoes or tomato sauce provide tangy sweetness and color to the broth. Tomato-based broth is a cornerstone of Mexican soup making.
Onions and Garlic
Onions and garlic add aromatic flavor. Caramelized onions bring out savory sweetness.
Broth
The broth ties everything together, and is often made from chicken stock, tomato juice or a blend. Homemade stock makes the richest broth.
Spices
Spices like cumin, coriander, oregano, chili powder, and cayenne pepper lend signature Mexican zest. The spice level can range from mild to very hot and fiery.
Lime Juice
A squirt of lime juice right before serving gives brightness. This acidity balances the rich broth.
Cilantro
Fresh cilantro adds a distinctive herbal note. The flavor is almost lemony or lime-like.
Avocado
Cubed avocado contributes creaminess when added to the individual bowls. It also thickens the broth slightly.
Peppers
Jalapeno, serrano or other chili peppers can provide more heat and flavor. Some recipes call for roasted peppers.
Cheese
Garnishes of shredded cheese like Monterey jack, queso fresco or cotija add bonus creaminess.
Lime Wedges
Lime wedges allow each diner to add more tart lime juice to taste.
Regional Variations
Chicken tortilla soup is enjoyed all over Mexico, as well as in Mexican restaurants across the United States. It’s commonly found on menus in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. However, seasonings and ingredients may vary by region. Here are a few regional differences:
Northern Mexico
– Uses more red chili peppers and spice
– Garnished with Mexican crema and cotija cheese
– Hearty, spicy flavor
Central Mexico
– Features milder ancho and guajillo chilies
– Uses corn husks or tortillas as thickening agent
– More vegetables like carrots and potatoes
Southern Mexico
-influence from Caribbean flavors like allspice, achiote and bitter oranges
– Prominent cilantro flavor
– Tendency to make it less spicy
American Southwest
-Often uses canned or bottled salsa as ingredient
– Garnished with shredded monterey jack
– More cubed avocado as topping
California-style
– Lightened up, lower calorie recipes
– Emphasis on fresh, seasonal ingredients
– Options like turkey chicken, brown rice tortillas
So while the classic version originated in Mexico, chefs put regional spins on chicken tortilla soup everywhere it’s popular. But the core combo of chicken and tortillas remains consistent.
Serving Chicken Tortilla Soup
Chicken tortilla soup is traditionally served as a starter or main course in individual bowls. The rich, invigorating flavors make it perfect for any time of day. It can be a comforting late breakfast, fortifying lunch entrée, or casual supper.
For special occasions, it stars as the centerpiece of festive brunches like bridal showers or holiday gatherings. Ladling piping hot chicken tortilla soup into bowls for guests to garnish with avocado, cheese, and cilantro makes for an interactive meal.
The soup also adapts well for on-the-go eating. Take-out joints serve it in individual cups with lids for easy portability. Large batches can be made ahead for meal prepping lunch all week. The flavors tend to get even better after a day or two in the fridge.
However you serve it, chicken tortilla soup makes a reliably tasty, filling meal rooted in tradition.
Key Steps for Making Chicken Tortilla Soup
While recipes vary, there is a general method for putting together perfect chicken tortilla soup:
1. Sauté aromatic veggies
Onions, garlic, peppers and cilantro stems are cooked down as a flavor base.
2. Simmer chicken
Boneless chicken pieces are gently simmered until cooked through and shred-able.
3. Make flavorful broth
A tomatoey, spiced broth is crafted. Chicken stock and tomato sauce or juice are typical.
4. Shred chicken
Once cooked, the chicken is shredded or cubed into bite-sized pieces.
5. Finish with tortilla strips
Baked tortilla strips are added just before serving for crunchy texture.
6. Ladle and garnish
Ladle piping hot soup into bowls, then garnish with sliced avocado, shredded cheese, cilantro and a squeeze of lime.
Following these steps results in the perfect hearty, comforting bowl of chicken tortilla soup.
Chicken Tortilla Soup Is Perfect For
The versatility of chicken tortilla soup makes it a hit in many scenarios:
Weeknight Dinners
It comes together easily on busy weeknights. The active cooking time is only about 15-20 minutes for a satisfying homemade meal.
Game Day Parties
Chicken tortilla soup is a crowd-pleaser. Make a batch for a casual game day party. It’s nice having a hot soup on cooler fall or winter days.
Potlucks
This soup transports well in a slow cooker or thermos. Bring it along to contribute an easy, tasty dish that everyone will love.
using up Leftovers
Got leftover chicken or veggies? Repurpose them into this flexible soup. It’s a great way to reduce food waste.
Brunch
Ladle steamy bowls accompanied by a bread basket or salad for a hearty brunch. It’s sure to satisfy.
Freezer Meals
A vat of chicken tortilla soup freezes well for future meals. Thaw and reheat for an instant dinner later.
Nutrition Facts
Chicken tortilla soup packs some key nutrients, as well as being fairly low calorie for such a filling soup. Here is the nutrition breakdown for one serving (one cup):
| Nutrient | Amount |
|---|---|
| Calories | 185 |
| Fat | 4g |
| Sodium | 474mg |
| Carbohydrates | 13g |
| Fiber | 3g |
| Sugar | 3g |
| Protein | 21g |
It provides around 20 grams of protein from the chicken. The tomato broth offers immune-boosting vitamin C. Tortillas add fiber, iron, and magnesium. There are also antioxidants from ingredients like tomatoes, peppers, onions, cilantro, and avocado.
The flavors and ingredients come together for a nutritious soup bursting with the authentic tastes of Mexico!
Conclusion
Chicken tortilla soup gets its signature name from the two central components of shredded chicken and crispy tortilla strips. It originated in Mexico, taking advantage of native ingredients like corn, tomatoes and chilies. The concept spread north into the United States as a staple of Mexican restaurants.
While recipes vary across different regions, the core idea remains the same. Simmered chicken and tortillas are transformed into a hearty, comforting soup with bold Mexican-inspired spices and flavors. Garnished with rich avocado, tangy lime, and bright cilantro, it’s a one-bowl meal that’s nutritious as well as delicious!