Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a medication commonly used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. Taking a low dose of aspirin daily, often called “baby” aspirin, is commonly recommended for older adults for heart health. Here are some of the main reasons why aspirin is often prescribed for seniors:
Reduces Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke
One of the most well-known benefits of aspirin for older adults is reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Aspirin works as a blood thinner, helping to prevent blood clots that can cause blockages in arteries leading to the heart and brain. Studies show that taking 81 mg or 100 mg of aspirin daily can lower the risk of a first heart attack in men over age 50 and first stroke in women over age 55.
Helps Prevent Blood Clots
Aspirin interferes with the blood’s clotting action, which is why it is effective at reducing the risk of dangerous clots that can cause heart attacks and strokes. The effects of aspirin on platelet function in the blood lasts for the platelets’ lifespan, around 7-10 days. For this reason, aspirin does not need to be taken multiple times a day for preventive therapy but rather taken once a day is sufficient for a continual effect.
May Lower Risk of Cancer
There is some evidence that taking regular aspirin long-term may lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer and possibly other cancers. Aspirin may help reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and improve immunity against cancer. However, more research is still needed and not all experts recommend aspirin solely for cancer prevention.
Cheap and Accessible Treatment
Aspirin is an affordable over-the-counter medication, costing just a few cents per pill. This makes it a very accessible option for blood thinning therapy. Prescription blood thinners often cost significantly more and require regular monitoring by a doctor. Aspirin does not require a prescription or frequent lab testing, which makes it convenient as a long-term preventive medication.
Well-Studied with a Long History of Use
Aspirin has been used medicinally for thousands of years. In modern times, it has been extensively studied and prescribed widely. The safety profile, dosing, and side effects of aspirin are well-established. For otherwise healthy adults, the benefits tend to outweigh the potential risks. Not as much research has been done on many newer blood thinning medications. The long history and widespread use provide doctors confidence in regularly recommending aspirin for heart health.
Reduces Inflammation
Aspirin not only thins the blood but also reduces inflammation in the body through its inhibition of the COX enzymes. Chronic inflammation is thought to play a role in heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and cognitive decline. The anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin may contribute to its preventive benefits and explain some of its wide-ranging effects on multiple diseases.
May Lower Risk of Alzheimer’s and Dementia
Several studies have suggested aspirin may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias when taken regularly over years. It’s thought the anti-inflammatory effects and improved blood flow to the brain provided by aspirin may help slow cognitive decline. More research is still needed, but regular aspirin use shows promise for potentially delaying dementia.
Limits Platelet Stickiness
Aspirin prevents platelets in the blood from aggregating and sticking together. Sticky platelets are more likely to form dangerous blood clots. By reducing platelet adhesiveness, aspirin helps prevent clot formation and improves overall blood flow and circulation.
Who Should Take Aspirin for Heart Health?
Guidelines generally recommend regular low-dose aspirin therapy for the following groups to reduce risk of heart attack and stroke:
- Men ages 50-70
- Women ages 60-70
- Adults with a high risk of heart disease
- Adults with known cardiovascular disease
Aspirin therapy may also be appropriate for adults with risk factors like smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or family history of heart disease. People with a history of stroke or mini-strokes may also benefit. It’s important to talk to your doctor before starting aspirin, as it can increase the risk of bleeding.
What is the Recommended Dosage?
For heart attack and stroke prevention, the most common dosages are:
- 81 mg per day
- 100 mg per day
- 325 mg every other day
The 81 mg or 100 mg doses seem to have the best balance of efficacy and safety. Always follow the specific dosage recommended by your physician. Make sure to take the aspirin with food to reduce potential stomach upset.
How Does Aspirin Help the Heart?
Aspirin helps prevent heart attacks and strokes through two primary mechanisms:
- Preventing blood clot formation. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, which can reduce clotting that blocks blood flow.
- Reducing inflammation. Aspirin inhibits inflammatory compounds called prostaglandins. This helps protect arteries and stabilize plaque.
These beneficial effects lower the risk of atherosclerosis, make blood clots less likely to form, and prevent blocked arteries that cut off blood and oxygen supply to the heart or brain.
Conclusion
Daily low-dose aspirin, often referred to as “baby aspirin,” is commonly recommended for older adults for prevention of heart attack, stroke, and other conditions. Aspirin acts as a blood thinner to reduce dangerous clotting and also decreases inflammation. It’s accessible, affordable, and has a long history of effective and safe use. As with any medication, it’s important to consult your physician before starting an aspirin regimen to make sure it’s right for your individual health status and heart disease risk profile.