Koreans have a unique drinking culture and etiquette. One of the most recognizable practices is turning around after taking a drink. This custom has become embedded in Korean social norms. But where did this curious habit originate and what’s the meaning behind it?
The Origins and History of the Custom
The exact origins of this drinking ritual are uncertain, but there are a few compelling theories:
- Showing respect to elders – In Korea’s historically hierarchical culture, turning away from elders while drinking was a sign of deference.
- Avoiding eye contact – Direct eye contact can be considered rude or disrespectful in Korean culture. Turning away was a way to politely avoid extended eye contact.
- Clearing the air – An old Korean belief held that facing downwind while drinking allowed the alcohol scent to dissipate, clearing the air for others.
- Swordsmanship – A practical explanation is that turning allowed Koreans of old easy access to their swords in case of an attack.
The ritual of turning around has been entrenched for centuries. During the Joseon Dynasty era (1392-1897), younger people were expected to turn away from their elders while drinking as a sign of respect. The custom persisted into the 20th century. Older Koreans traditionally believed it was polite to face a wall when drinking alcohol in the presence of others.
When and Why Do Koreans Turn Around Today?
Though the strict hierarchical rules have relaxed in modern society, the general custom remains deeply ingrained in Korean drinking culture today.
Koreans tend to turn around after pouring or receiving a drink, taking a sip, and before replacing the drink on the table. It is common practice in both casual and formal settings. The turn is brief, often just a swivel of the torso or a tilt of the head. Turning one’s back fully can come across as rude unless one is facing a wall.
Here are some reasons why the tradition continues today:
- Habit – After centuries of conditioning, it is simply an unconscious habit for most Koreans.
- Etiquette – Turning around is still considered good manners and etiquette when drinking in company.
- Avoid spillage – Rotating the glass away from others prevents accidental spillage on them.
- Minimize odor – Despite modern sensibilities, some still turn to prevent their drink odor from reaching others.
- Personal space – The act allows a measure of personal space and privacy while drinking.
How This Etiquette Varies
While all Koreans are accustomed to this custom, the way it is practiced can vary by generation, setting, and other factors.
Age Differences
Older Koreans are more likely to rigidly turn away every time they drink as a respectful habit. Younger generations of Koreans tend to practice a more relaxed version, briefly turning as social etiquette but not as strictly.
Formal vs Casual Settings
Koreans tend to follow the ritual meticulously in formal settings like business meetings or official functions. But they can be more casual when drinking with close friends or family, where turning is optional.
Drinking Alone
When drinking solitary, Koreans do not consider it mandatory to turn around. But some still reflexively turn out of lifelong habit.
Public vs Private
Koreans are careful to follow etiquette and turn around when drinking in public places. But in private settings like home, following the custom is more optional.
Regional Differences in Korea
Though the practice is ubiquitous across Korea, there are some regional nuances:
- In the conservative southeast, people rigidly turn away every time when drinking in company.
- In the metropolitan capital Seoul, people turn in a more relaxed manner befitting of modern times.
- In the younger, freewheeling city of Busan, the ritual is notably more relaxed or skipped altogether.
Generational Shift in Drinking Culture
Korean drinking rituals have seen generational changes:
Older Generation
- Drinking was reserved for special occasions.
- Drinking etiquette like turning was strictly followed.
- Heavy drinking was frowned upon.
Younger Generation
- Drinking is casual and commonplace.
- Etiquette is followed loosely.
- Heavy drinking is more socially acceptable.
The younger generation prioritizes modern sensibilities over traditional mores. But the basic custom of turning around remains deeply ingrained.
Is the Custom Dying Out?
Despite shifting cultural trends, most experts believe this age-old drinking ritual remains firmly entrenched in Korean society:
- It is too ingrained culturally to disappear altogether.
- Conforming to social norms encourages the habit.
- It causes no harm and has practical uses.
- The young still mimic elders out of habit.
- Regular social drinking keeps the custom alive.
While the ritual may evolve, losing some rigidity over time, it seems unlikely to vanish completely any time soon.
Does Alcohol Play a Large Role in Korean Society?
Yes, alcohol is deeply ingrained in Korean social customs:
- Korea has a long historical tradition of alcohol brewing and consumption.
- Drinking is integral to business and social gatherings.
- Saying “no” to drinks can cause social offense.
- Peer pressure encourages heavy drinking sessions.
- Drinkingculture promotes bonding and de-stressing.
However, the high-drinking culture has downsides too:
- Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common.
- Drink driving is a recurring problem.
- Harmful health effects are prevalent.
In summary, drinking holds an important but controversial place in Korean life.
Do Other Asian Cultures Share Similar Drinking Customs?
Yes, turning around is common in several other Asian drinking cultures:
Chinese Drinking Customs
- The young turn away when toasting elders.
- Turning is done as a sign of respect.
Japanese Drinking Customs
- Turning preserves privacy and personal space.
- It prevents odor from reaching others.
Mongolian Drinking Customs
- Always turn clockwise when drinking fermented mare’s milk.
- Turning allows passage for ancestral spirits.
However, the extent and rigidity varies. Korea seems unique in how universally and reflexively it is practiced.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Korean custom of turning around when drinking is a long-standing etiquette practice rooted in respect, privacy, and culture. While the ritual is evolving among younger generations, it remains widely practiced in Korea and unique globally. The tradition reflects Korea’s high context culture and shared social norms around alcohol consumption.