Wasp stings are common outdoor nuisances in the summer and fall. Most of the time, they result in a temporary sting or mild allergic reaction that can be treated at home. However, multiple stings or severe allergic reactions can be dangerous and even life-threatening. Knowing when to seek medical care is important.
What are the symptoms of a wasp sting?
A typical wasp sting results in immediate pain, redness, and swelling at the sting site. You may also experience:
- A small, raised welt
- Itching or burning sensation
- Slight bruising
These mild sting reactions generally resolve on their own within a few hours or days. Using over-the-counter treatments can help reduce discomfort.
When should you call a doctor after a wasp sting?
In most cases, wasp stings can be safely managed at home. Call your doctor if you experience signs of a moderate or severe allergic reaction, including:
- Extensive swelling beyond the sting site
- Dizziness, fainting, loss of consciousness
- Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
- Severe shortness of breath, wheezing
- Racing heart or chest pain
- Swelling of the lips, tongue or throat
- Hives or itchy rash spreading across the body
These could signal anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires emergency medical treatment.
When should you go to the ER or call 911 for a wasp sting?
Seek emergency care if you experience any symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, including:
- Rapid swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat
- Wheezing or difficulty breathing
- Dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Severe abdominal pain or vomiting
- Skin that becomes pale or turns blue
Call 911 or have someone drive you to the emergency room right away. Anaphylaxis can progress rapidly and can be fatal if not treated immediately with epinephrine.
When should you see a doctor for multiple wasp stings?
While a single sting is harmless for most people, multiple stings can be dangerous. Seek medical care if you have:
- 10 or more stings
- Stings inside your mouth or throat
- Signs of a toxic reaction, like nausea, dizziness or seizure
The venom dosage of multiple stings could overwhelm your body and cause a toxic reaction, even if you are not allergic. Prompt medical treatment is needed.
When should children receive medical care for wasp stings?
Call your child’s doctor if they experience:
- Signs of a moderate or severe allergic reaction
- Multiple stings
- Swelling that spreads beyond the site
- Stings near the eyes or mouth
Young children may have greater sensitivity to venom and risks associated with swelling. Seek medical advice to ensure proper treatment.
What symptoms warrant follow-up care?
Check in with your doctor if you experience any of the following in the days after a wasp sting:
- Increasing pain, swelling or redness at the site
- Pus or other signs of infection
- Flu-like illness, fever or chills
- Unusual headache, fatigue or dizziness
- Rash away from the sting site
These could indicate an infection or delayed allergic reaction that requires additional treatment.
When should you ask about allergy testing?
Talk to your doctor about allergy testing if:
- You have experienced systemic reactions beyond the sting site
- You have needed emergency treatment for wasp stings
- You have a history of severe reactions to insect stings
Testing can help confirm venom allergies and determine if you are a candidate for venom immunotherapy. This can reduce risk during future stings.
What first aid can help treat wasp stings?
For mild reactions:
- Use an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling
- Clean the site with soap and water
- Apply hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion, or baking soda paste to soothe skin
- Take an antihistamine containing diphenhydramine
- Elevate the affected area
Avoid scratching or rubbing the site as this can increase swelling and risk of infection.
When can you remove the stinger?
If you can see the stinger:
- Use gauze or a bank card to gently scrape it off
- Don’t use tweezers – this can squeeze more venom into the skin
- Remove within 30 seconds to minimize venom released
If no stinger is visible, there is likely no stinger to remove.
How long do wasp sting symptoms last?
For mild stings:
- Pain and itching typically improve within a few hours
- Swelling may peak at 48 hours but can last up to a week
- Redness may persist for several days
Severe reactions may require intensive medical treatment and extended recovery time. Talk to your doctor to understand what to expect with your specific reaction.
Can wasp stings cause complications?
Potential complications include:
- Allergic reactions – systemic reactions, anaphylaxis
- Secondary infections – increased swelling, pus, fever
- Toxic reaction – nausea, dizziness, headache, seizures
- Delayed reactions – serum sickness type response
Rare complications from multiple stings can affect kidneys, heart and liver. Seek prompt medical care for any suspected complications.
Who is at increased risk from wasp stings?
| At Increased Risk | Factors |
|---|---|
| Children | More sensitive to venom effects |
| Elderly | Weaker immune response |
| Those with allergies | Higher risk of anaphylaxis |
| Those with chronic diseases | Weaker ability to cope with reactions |
Take extra precautions to avoid stings if you or a family member has known venom allergies or underlying medical conditions.
How can wasp stings be prevented?
- Avoid areas where wasps nest or congregate
- Wear shoes and long sleeves when outdoors
- Keep food and drink covered or indoors
- Don’t wear sweet-smelling perfumes or lotions
- Be careful around flowering plants, garbage cans, and standing water
- Remain calm and still if a wasp approaches
- Have nests near your home professionally removed
Conclusion
Most wasp stings result in minimal reactions treatable at home. Seek prompt medical attention for signs of anaphylaxis or multiple stings, as these can be life-threatening. Call 911 or go to the ER if you experience rapid swelling, breathing difficulties, loss of consciousness or other severe symptoms. Delayed complications can also occur, so follow up with your doctor if stings do not resolve or worsen. Understanding the signs of severe reactions and getting appropriate treatment can help prevent serious outcomes from wasp stings.