A family crest and a coat of arms are often confused as being the same thing. However, while they share some similarities, there are distinct differences between the two symbols.
Definition of a Family Crest
A family crest is a symbol used to identify a family or clan. It originated in Europe during the Middle Ages as a way for knights and nobles to distinguish themselves in battle and tournaments. The crest was typically displayed on a helmet or shield. It was passed down through generations to identify lineage.
Over time, the use of family crests expanded beyond battle and nobility. They became symbols of identity for general families and could be found on rings, stationary, and over the entrance of homes. A family crest is sometimes referred to as a coat of arms, however they are not technically the same thing.
Key Features of a Family Crest
- Associated with a single family
- Typically uses a simple image or symbol
- May use a motto or phrase
- Passed down through generations
- Used as a marker of identity
Definition of a Coat of Arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design granted to a single person or family by an official body. The term originated in the 12th century during the crusades. Knights and nobles painted symbols and identification marks on their shields and clothing to distinguish themselves in battle.
Over time, the use of coats of arms expanded as a way for wealthy families to demonstrate their stature. To regulate use, official colleges of arms were established. They granted and registered coats of arms according to complex rules. Only those with a registered coat of arms could display them.
Key Features of a Coat of Arms
- Granted to an individual person or family
- Includes multiple complex images and symbols
- Follows complex heraldic rules
- Registered with an official college of arms
- Used as a status symbol for nobility and gentry
Differences Between a Crest and Coat of Arms
While crests and coats of arms share some common traits, there are several key differences between the two symbols:
| Family Crest | Coat of Arms |
|---|---|
| Associated with a family or clan | Granted to an individual person or family |
| Typically simple design | Complex heraldic design |
| Passed down through generations | Granted by official college of arms |
| Used as family identity marker | Used as status symbol of nobility |
Origins and Historical Use
Family crests originated in the Middle Ages as a way for families and clans to identify themselves, especially in battle. Their use expanded over time as a marker of lineage and identity. Coats of arms originated around the same time for knights and nobles. But they were more strictly regulated as status symbols by official colleges of arms.
Rules and Regulations
There are no firm rules on the design of family crests. They are informal symbols passed down through generations. Coats of arms follow complex heraldic rules set by colleges of arms. Only those granted arms can display them.
Complexity of Design
Family crests tend to use a single, simple image or symbol. Coats of arms incorporate multiple images, symbols, mottoes, and heraldic elements. Their design follows specific conventions.
Status Association
Family crests are identity markers used by families from all classes. Coats of arms are associated specifically with nobility and gentry status.
Can a Family Have Both a Crest and Coat of Arms?
Yes, it is possible for a noble or wealthy family to have both a family crest and an official coat of arms. The crest is a simpler emblem used to identify the family across generations. The coat of arms is granted by an official body and follows heraldic rules.
For example, the Spencer family, ancestors of Princess Diana, have both:
- The Spencer family crest features a red and gold shield design.
- The official Spencer coat of arms granted in 1504 features multiple images including a griffin, lion, chequey shield pattern, and motto.
So in summary, all noble families have coats of arms, but not all have family crests. The crest serves as a simpler family marker while the coat of arms reflects status and lineage.
Modern Usage and Regulation
While less prevalent today, both family crests and coats of arms are still used as symbols of identity and heritage:
- New grants of coats of arms continue to be issued in places like the United Kingdom and Canada by official colleges of arms.
- Some families formally adopt new crests or logos to represent their lineage.
- Print-on-demand companies sell family crests based on surnames without verifying ancestry or design.
However, there are few regulations on the use of family crests today. Families are generally free to use ancestral or newly adopted crests as they wish. Restrictions still apply to proper use of registered coats of arms.
Conclusion
While family crests and coats of arms have some overlap, they have distinct origins and purposes:
- A family crest is an informal emblem used by a family or clan to mark identity.
- A coat of arms is a complex heraldic design granted to an individual to denote status.
Both symbols continue to be used today to celebrate family lineage, history, and identity. However, there are few regulations on family crests while coats of arms still require official grants.