China is a country with over 5000 years of history and a rich, complex culture. As a foreigner traveling or living in China, it’s important to be aware of actions or behaviors that are considered impolite or rude. By understanding cultural norms and etiquette, you can avoid offending people during your time in China.
Greetings
Greetings in China are more formal than in many Western cultures. When meeting someone for the first time, it is polite to shake hands and nod or slightly bow your head. Maintaining eye contact shows respect. If you know someone well, you may also greet them by saying 你好 (nǐhǎo – hello) or 您好 (nín hǎo – formal hello).
Some actions to avoid when greeting:
- Waving or calling out “hi” or “hey” to greet someone
- Hugging, back-slapping, or putting an arm around someone’s shoulder
- Not making eye contact
Gestures
Body language and gestures have different meanings across cultures. Be mindful of your hand gestures and body language when interacting with Chinese people.
Some rude hand gestures to avoid:
- Putting hands on hips – this can come across as aggressive
- Pointing with index finger – instead use an open palm to point
- Wagging finger at someone – this is seen as scolding
- Thumbs up – can be seen as vulgar
- Crossing legs or ankles when sitting – keep feet on the floor instead
Other things to keep in mind:
- Avoid putting hands in pockets – this can seem disrespectful
- Use both hands when exchanging business cards
- Avoid public displays of affection like kissing or hugging
Gift Giving
Gift giving is an important part of social and business culture in China. There are several gift-giving customs to keep in mind:
- Gifts are generally opened in private rather than when received
- Avoid clock-related gifts as the Chinese word for clock sounds similar to “attending a funeral”
- Do not give white flowers or gifts wrapped in white or black paper
- Avoid gifts that are too expensive as it could be seen as bribery
- Offer gifts with both hands and receive gifts with both hands
- Do not open a gift in front of the giver
Some suitable gift ideas are snacks, souvenirs from your home country, wine or fruit baskets. The act of gift-giving matters more than the value of the gift itself.
Dining Etiquette
Proper dining etiquette is important when eating Chinese food. Here are some tips:
- Wait to be seated at a restaurant, don’t sit down right away
- Allow elders or superiors to be seated and start eating first
- Hold rice bowls close to mouth and use chopsticks to push rice in
- Do not point chopsticks at people or stick them straight up in rice
- Do not use chopsticks to move bowls or plates
- Try a little bit of every dish when sharing a meal
- Slurping noodles is acceptable
- Wait for hosts/elders to begin eating before you start
- Leaving food on your plate may imply you are still hungry
Visiting Someone’s Home
When visiting a Chinese person’s home, follow these etiquette tips:
- Bring a small gift for the host such as fruit or dessert
- Remove shoes before entering the home
- Avoid touching children on the head
- Dress conservatively – avoid sleeveless tops or short skirts/shorts
- Wait to sit until invited to do so by the host
- Compliment the home even if you don’t like something
- Finish all food served to you
- Respect house rules and customs
- Avoid discussing politics or religion
Communication Style
Chinese communication tends to be more indirect than Western styles. It is important to pay attention to subtleties in language and tone. Some things to avoid:
- Direct criticism or confrontation
- Saying “no” directly if you disagree with something
- Getting straight to the point without first engaging in small talk
- Relying solely on words rather than reading body language/facial expressions
In conversation, allow pauses for the other person to speak. You may need to “read between the lines” if something is unclear or seems contradictory. Patience and humor can help navigate any cultural confusion.
Asking Questions
Avoid asking overly direct personal questions in China, especially upon first meeting. Questions about age, marital status, salary, education and other personal details are considered private. It is fine to ask indirect questions to get to know someone. Here are examples of rude vs. polite questions:
| Rude | Polite |
|---|---|
| How old are you? | What year were you born? |
| How much do you earn? | What industry do you work in? |
| Why aren’t you married? | Do you have family nearby? |
Avoid yes/no questions. Instead, ask open-ended questions to allow a thoughtful response and continue conversation. Don’t ask overly probing follow-up questions if the person seems reluctant to provide details.
Public Behavior
In public in China, be aware of these etiquette tips:
- Avoid outward displays of strong emotions like shouting or arguing
- Do not eat food or drink beverages while walking or on public transit
- Queue in an orderly fashion and do not cut in line
- Avoid putting feet up on chairs or surfaces
- Do not yell, run or horseplay at monuments and historical sites
- Photography may be prohibited at some locations – observe signs
Pushing, shoving or shouting is seen as extremely rude. Remain patient and courteous in crowded public situations.
Business Etiquette
There are several business etiquette tips for foreigners to keep in mind in China:
- Appointments and punctuality are crucial – arrive 5-10 minutes early
- Share business cards with both hands and study received cards carefully
- Address people by professional title + surname until invited otherwise
- Maintain proper body language – no slouching or hands in pockets
- Refrain from criticizing China or your home country
- Conservative dress is preferred – dark suits for men, modest attire for women
- Avoid touchy political topics and any criticism of the government
Building trusting relationships is key before getting down to business talks. Have patience and let your hosts guide the discussion.
Conclusion
While cultural differences exist between China and the West, being aware of etiquette and manners will help you make a good impression, avoid offense, and enjoy your time in China. Focus on respect, modesty, patience and politeness when interacting with Chinese people. With an open mind and positive attitude, you’re sure to have a wonderful experience in this fascinating country!