When it comes to painting ceramic surfaces, using the right type of paint is crucial for getting great results. Not all paints bond well to ceramics, so it’s important to understand which options work best for creating a durable finish that will hold up over time.
Acrylic Craft Paint
One of the most popular and readily available options for painting ceramics is acrylic craft paint. These paints are water-based, making them easy to thin and clean up. They adhere well to ceramic bisque that has been properly prepared before painting by cleaning and lightly sanding the surface.
Acrylic craft paints are available in just about any color imaginable, from primary colors for mixing to unique shades like pearlized and metallic. They typically have a matte finish when dry but can be made to have a glossy look with the use of a clear acrylic glazing liquid over the top.
Since acrylics are water-based, they allow flexibility in application techniques. You can paint them on using a brush or apply them with a sponge for a textured look. Acrylics are also great for ceramic painting projects using stamps, stencils or masking fluid for patterns.
Pros of Acrylic Craft Paint
- Inexpensive and readily available
- Come in endless color choices
- Easy to control coverage and textures
- Clean up with water
Cons of Acrylic Craft Paint
- Can scratch or peel if not properly sealed
- Typically have a matte finish
- Thin consistency requires multiple coats
Enamel Paint
For a super durable and glass-like finish, enamel paint formulated for ceramics is a great choice. Enamel paints contain finely ground pigment suspended in an oil-based solvent, creating a smooth, high gloss finish.
Enamel adheres better to ceramics than acrylics and it cures to an extremely hard, scratch-resistant coating. Popular brands of enamel ceramic paint include FolkArt Enamels and Porcelaine 150. These paints are often used by professional ceramic artists and studios.
Enamel paints can be used on bare ceramics but work best over a base coat or primer to maximize adhesion. They are applied with the use of artist brushes and require mineral spirits for thinning and brush cleaning.
Pros of Enamel Paint
- Create a glossy, glass-like finish
- Adhere very well to ceramic and porcelain
- Cure to a hard, scratch resistant coating
- Often used by professional ceramic studios
Cons of Enamel Paint
- More toxic due to oil-based solvents
- Require odorless mineral spirits for thinning and cleanup
- Longer drying time between coats
- Only for hand-painting as they cannot be thinned with water
Chalk Paint
For a matte, velvety finish, chalk paint is a unique choice for ceramics. Chalk paint contains calcium carbonate, which gives it a powdery, matte look and feel when dry. It goes on smoothly and dries fast.
Chalk paint adheres well to a variety of surfaces, including ceramic, without the need for sanding or priming. It can be easily distressed and rubbed back to create an aged, worn look if desired. Popular brands include Annie Sloan and Rust-Oleum Chalked.
Since it’s thicker than acrylics, chalk paint requires less coats for good coverage. It can be gently sanded between coats for an ultra smooth finish. Chalk paint can be left matte or finished with a topcoat like a matte varnish or dark wax for sheen.
Pros of Chalk Paint
- Gives a matte, velvety finish
- No prep needed, adheres well to ceramic
- Can create distressed, vintage look
- Thick consistency provides good coverage
Cons of Chalk Paint
- Limited color selection compared to acrylics
- Topcoat required for protection and sheen
- Can rub off if not properly sealed
- Brushing can kick up lots of dust
Ceramic Glazes
For painting ceramic pottery and clay objects that will be kiln-fired, specific ceramic glazes must be used. Ceramic glazes contain fine glass particles that melt and fuse to the clay body when fired in a kiln at high temperatures.
Glazes come in various colors and finishes ranging from matte to glossy. They can be applied using a range of techniques including brushing, dipping, pouring or spraying. Multiple layers of glaze can be used to create unique colors and effects.
Since glazes require high kiln temperatures to set, they are not suitable for pieces like ceramic bisque figurines that have previously been fired. Glazes flow and adhere permanently to the clay body, making them extremely durable.
Pros of Ceramic Glazes
- Create an integrally bonded coating
- Available in gloss, semi-gloss and matte sheens
- Can layer colors to create unique effects
- Extremely durable once kiln fired
Cons of Ceramic Glazes
- Require a kiln and proper safety equipment
- Not for use on pre-fired ceramic bisque
- More difficult to control application effects
- Possibility of glaze defects after firing
Spray Paint
While not ideal for large projects, spray paint can be used successfully on ceramic surfaces for quick touch ups or to paint small objects. The fast-drying paint and simple application make spray paint a convenient choice, though the finish may not always be as durable as brush applied paint.
When using spray paint on ceramics, always opt for a paint formulated specifically for the material, such as Krylon Fusion for Ceramic spray paint. Make sure to follow directions carefully for best bonding results. Allow the recommended drying time between coats.
Spray painting is best for projects like painting ceramic garden pots or touch ups on ceramic figurines. Thorough preparation of the surface is crucial for spray paint to properly adhere. Avoid using regular spray paints meant for metal or wood.
Pros of Spray Paint
- Super fast and easy application
- Great for small projects and touch ups
- Good for modern, smooth finishes
- Available in many colors and finishes
Cons of Spray Paint
- Less durable than brush applied paints
- Difficult to get full coverage on intricate pieces
- Can’t achieve layered or textured effects
- Requires very careful surface prep
Milk Paint
For an all-natural painted finish, milk paint made from milk protein, lime and pigment provides a non-toxic option. The water-based paint has been used for centuries and gives a matte, slightly chalky finish.
Milk paint comes in powder form and needs to be mixed with water prior to application. It goes on smoothly and adheres well to surfaces including ceramic, terra cotta, metal and wood without a base coat. No sanding or priming is required.
Since milk paint has a thinner consistency, multiple thin coats are needed for full opacity and a smooth look. It can be left flat but tends to be pretty soft, so a clear topcoat like matte varnish is recommended for added protection when using milk paint on ceramics.
Pros of Milk Paint
- Non-toxic, all-natural ingredients
- Simple mixing with water
- Good adhesion to ceramic without prep
- Creates a flat, matte finish
Cons of Milk Paint
- Limited color selection
- Multiple coats needed for opacity
- Pretty soft finish requiring a topcoat
- Can be prone to chipping over time
Oil-Based Paint
For centuries, oil paint has been used for works of fine art. While less common for basic ceramic paint jobs, oil-based paint can also create a durable finish on ceramics and porcelain.
Oil paints use a base of natural linseed oil or turpentine rather than water or acrylic solutions. This makes the paint take longer to fully dry but allows blending and color mixing right on the ceramic surface. Drying time can be a week or longer.
Due to the solvent base, oil paints allow for excellent flow and adhesion on ceramic materials. As with other paint types, proper ceramic prep is still vital for bonding. Multiple thin layers help build up proper coverage.
Pros of Oil-Based Paint
- Oil base provides great adhesion to ceramics
- Enables blending colors and techniques
- Ideal for creating artistic, decorative effects
- Thinner coats let colors show through
Cons of Oil-Based Paint
- Long dry time between coats
- Requires paint thinners for cleanup
- Strong odor during application
- More difficult for amateur painters
Important Prep Before Painting Ceramic
No matter what type of paint is used, proper ceramic prep is vital to help the paint adhere. Here are some key steps to take before starting to paint any ceramic surface:
- Clean – Use mild dish soap and warm water to remove any dirt, grease or residue
- Sand – Lightly sand with fine grit sandpaper to roughen up the glazed surface
- Wipe – Wipe away any debris with a clean, dry cloth
- Dry – Allow the ceramic to fully dry before attempting to paint
- Prime – For added protection, use a primer made for ceramics before painting
Properly preparing the ceramic surface will allow nearly any type of paint to bond well and achieve maximum durability. Always read the manufacturer’s directions since techniques can vary slightly by paint brand.
Sealing Painted Ceramics
Once the ceramic object is painted, a critical last step is applying a sealer or topcoat to protect the finish. Without a sealer, painted ceramics can easily wear, fade or flake off with regular use.
There are a few options when it comes to sealing painted ceramics:
- Acrylic sealer – Clear acrylic spray provides a water-resistant seal
- Polyurethane – Water-based or oil-based polyurethane is highly durable
- Glaze – Decorative ceramic glazes can add gloss and color
- Epoxy resin – Two-part epoxy gives a thick, glass-like coating
Multiple thin coats allow for the best protection. Let the sealer fully cure before handling or washing the painted ceramic. Reapply sealers periodically for maximum durability.
Tips for Painting Ceramics
Follow these tips when planning your ceramic painting project:
- Choose the right paint for the ceramic material, firing method and desired finish
- Thoroughly clean and sand the surface before starting
- Read directions carefully as application methods can vary
- Apply paint in thin, even coats allowing proper drying time
- Use painters tape and masking fluid for sharp edges and patterns
- Finish with a clear sealer for protection and added durability
Conclusion
Painting ceramic surfaces opens up amazing creative possibilities, whether you’re an amateur decorator or a professional artist. With proper prep and the right type of paint for your project, you can achieve beautiful, durable painted finishes on ceramic and porcelain objects.
Acrylic craft paints offer a beginner-friendly option for simple ceramic painting. For superior adhesion and scratch resistance, oil-based enamel paints are ideal. Chalk paint can create shabby chic distressed effects. Opt for ceramic glazes if kiln firing painted clay pottery.
With some supplies, patience, and these painting tips, your ceramics can be transformed into stunning works of art. Just seal the finished pieces well and you’ll be enjoying your painted ceramics for many years to come.