Having white, bright teeth can make a big difference in your appearance and confidence. Many people want whiter teeth but are unsure of the safest and most effective whitening methods. This article will explore the various ways you can whiten your teeth and provide tips on choosing the healthiest option for you. We’ll cover both professional whitening procedures done by your dentist as well as at-home whitening kits you can use yourself. Read on to learn more!
What Causes Teeth to Become Discolored?
Over time, your teeth can become stained or discolored from a variety of sources:
- Food and drinks like coffee, tea, red wine, soda, berries, tomato sauce
- Tobacco use from smoking or chewing
- Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque buildup
- Trauma or injury that affects the inner layer of the tooth (dentin)
- Certain medications, especially tetracycline antibiotics taken by children whose teeth are still developing
- Genetics that make you prone to yellowish or greyish teeth
- Aging as enamel thins and the yellowish dentin underneath begins to show through
- Excessive fluoride intake as a child that leads to dental fluorosis
Over time, these and other factors can dull your teeth’s natural whiteness. The good news is there are safe, effective options to restore that bright smile.
Professional Teeth Whitening From Your Dentist
The fastest and most dramatic way to whiten your teeth is through professional whitening treatments performed by your dentist. There are two main options: in-office whitening and custom-fitted take-home trays prescribed by your dentist.
In-Office Whitening
In-office whitening involves applying a high concentration bleaching agent directly to your teeth. A rubber dam or other barrier is placed over your gums to protect them. The active ingredient is usually hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. A special light or laser is often used to enhance the whitening effects.
Results are seen immediately, in just one 30-60 minute treatment. On average this can lighten teeth by around eight shades. Some dentists offer a stronger concentration for those with particularly stubborn stains.
The downsides are that in-office whitening is the most expensive teeth whitening option, usually several hundred dollars per treatment. Over-whitening is also a risk, where your teeth become unnaturally white. This effect is temporary and teeth gradually return to a more normal shade.
Custom Take-Home Whitening Trays
Your dentist can take impressions of your teeth and have customized trays fabricated to fit your teeth precisely. You’re given whitening gel with lower concentrations of bleaching agents to place into the trays at home. The gel is left on your teeth for 1-2 hours per day. Most patients see results within 1-2 weeks.
This method costs less than in-office whitening, usually a few hundred dollars. It takes longer, but the whitening effects tend to last longer. The custom trays also allow you to “touch up” periodically after the initial treatment.
Ask your dentist which option they recommend. They may start with in-office whitening for quick, dramatic brightening, followed by take-home trays for maintenance.
Over-the-Counter Teeth Whitening Kits
For a more affordable option, you can consider over-the-counter teeth whitening products:
Whitening Strips
Adhesive strips coated with peroxide gel are applied to your teeth. Popular brands are Crest Whitestrips and Rembrandt Whitening Strips. The strips are convenient and easy to use. Effects are noticeable in just a few days. However, they may not whiten teeth as thoroughly as professional or custom trays. They can also be irritating and may not properly fit teeth.
Whitening Toothpastes
Whitening toothpastes contain mild abrasives and chemical polishers to help scrub away surface stains. They don’t dramatically lighten teeth. Used consistently over time, you may see subtle brightening. Look for types with the ADA Seal of Acceptance. Avoid products that make unrealistic claims about removing years of stains quickly.
Whitening Rinses
Whitening mouthwashes contain the same chemical as strips and trays, hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide sits on your teeth longer before being rinsed away, helping lift some stains. Again, the effects are milder than other methods. Rinses may irritate gums and soft tissues.
Tray-Based Kits
These use trays, gels, and sometimes LED lights similar to professional kits, but without the custom fitting. Results vary depending on the quality and how accurately you follow the product’s instructions. Consult your dentist first if considering this type of DIY kit.
Tips for Safest, Most Effective Whitening
Keep these tips in mind for getting the healthiest, most fabulous smile:
- Have any cavities treated before whitening your teeth since the bleach will penetrate decayed areas of your teeth.
- Whiten your teeth before getting dental work like veneers or crowns so they will match your new dazzling white smile.
- Avoid whitening if you are pregnant or nursing.
- Discuss whitening options with your dentist if you have sensitive teeth, gingivitis, or other oral health issues.
- Whiten natural teeth before whitening any dental implants you may have.
- Use whitening toothpaste sparingly if you have receding gums, as the abrasives may make the recession worse over time.
- Stick to the product directions carefully to avoid complications like irritation, gum inflammation, or over-bleaching.
- Maintain good oral hygiene and limit staining foods/drinks after whitening to preserve your bright new smile.
Best Practices for At-Home Whitening
If using at-home whitening kits, keep these best practices in mind:
- Always consult your dentist before using any whitening products, even over-the-counter ones.
- Carefully read and follow all instructions for the product.
- Apply Vaseline or other barrier to protect your gums and avoid irritation.
- Rinse your mouth thoroughly before applying gels.
- Keep the trays or strips in place for the recommended time, but no longer.
- Use the products for the stated duration (e.g. 14 days) but don’t overuse them.
- Avoid whitening if you have broken teeth, exposed roots, or other vulnerabilities.
- Store whitening products away from heat and light to preserve their potency.
Common Side Effects
Whitening your teeth can sometimes lead to:
- Tooth sensitivity or gum irritation – This is usually mild and goes away within 1-2 days of ending treatment.
- White spots or blotches – This indicates areas of enamel damage. Stop whitening and see your dentist.
- Over-whitening or unnaturally blue tone – Your teeth will gradually return to a more natural shade.
- Relapse or re-staining – Touch up periodically with treatment trays or strips.
See your dentist if you experience severe pain, extensive white spots, or other concerns during or after whitening your teeth.
When to Avoid Teeth Whitening
Consult your dentist before whitening if you:
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding
- Have gum disease, cavities, or exposed roots
- Have veneers or other restorations
- Are taking a medication causing dry mouth
- Have a tooth sensitivity condition like recurrent decay under a filling
Children under 18 should not use whitening products or procedures.
You may need to postpone whitening if you’ve had recent dental work and the teeth are still healing or adjusting.
Conclusion
The healthiest way to whiten your teeth for most people is through custom take-home trays prescribed by your dentist. This provides longer-lasting whitening while minimizing sensitivity. Over-the-counter methods like whitening strips or toothpastes can also brighten your smile when used correctly, but give less dramatic results.
Always consult your dentist before beginning any teeth whitening regimen. They can help you select the method that is safest and most effective based on your dental history and the current condition of your teeth and gums. With the right approach, you can safely transform your smile without harming your oral or overall health.