Constipation is characterized by infrequent, difficult, or incomplete passage of stool. However, there are some conditions that can mimic the symptoms of constipation without actually being true constipation. Here are some common causes of what may feel like constipation but isn’t:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Constipation or diarrhea may predominate. Some people with IBS experience a sense of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement and may strain excessively, even though stool is passed regularly.
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
The pelvic floor muscles support the lower digestive tract. Weakness or tightness in these muscles can impair relaxation during bowel movements, leading to a sense of obstruction. This pelvic floor dysfunction can cause symptoms of constipation without actual stool retention.
Anal Fissures
Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus. Passing a large or hard stool can cause these painful tears. The pain can then create a cycle where a person avoids having a bowel movement, making stools larger and harder, leading to more pain. While infrequent stools may not be present, painful defecation creates a perception of constipation.
Hemorrhoids
External hemorrhoids are dilated blood vessels around the anus. They can be quite painful, especially when irritated by the passage of stool. The discomfort may make people with hemorrhoids feel like they are constipated and make them avoid defecation.
Rectal Prolapse
A rectal prolapse is when the rectal lining slips downward and protrudes from the anus. This can make it difficult to pass stool, creating a sense of obstruction. However, stool may still be passed regularly.
Colorectal Cancer
In rare cases, the symptoms of colorectal cancer can mirror those of constipation. Growths in the colon or rectum may partially obstruct the bowel, making stool passage feel difficult even if bowel movements are regular. Any symptoms of constipation persisting longer than a few weeks warrant medical evaluation.
Medication Side Effects
Some medications like narcotic pain medicines, antacids containing aluminum or calcium, antispasmodics, antidepressants, iron supplements, and others can cause side effects like bloating, abdominal discomfort, and reduced bowel motility. This can create a perception of constipation.
Low Fiber Diet
A low fiber diet can lead to small, hard stools that are difficult to pass and create a sense of constipation. Increasing dietary fiber helps retain fluid in stools and improves stool bulk and consistency.
Not Enough Fluids
Dehydration can make stools dry and difficult to pass, even if bowel movements are regular. Adequate fluid intake of around 1.5-2 liters per day helps soften stools and prevent perceived constipation.
Travel or Schedule Changes
Traveling across time zones or changes to daily routine can disrupt the normal bowel pattern and make stools harder to pass. This temporary disruption may create a feeling of constipation.
Anxiety or Ignoring Urges
People who feel anxious about using bathrooms other than at home or who ignore the urge to have a bowel movement can inadvertently start retaining stools. Over time, this can make passing stools seem difficult.
When to See a Doctor
Perceived constipation accompanied by worrisome symptoms like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, or unintentional weight loss warrants medical evaluation. Anyone experiencing persistent symptoms of constipation that don’t respond to increased fluids, fiber, exercise, or over-the-counter laxatives should also consult a doctor.
Conclusion
While conditions like IBS, hemorrhoids, and pelvic floor dysfunction may mimic constipation, it is important to seek medical advice if symptoms persist. Identifying and properly treating the underlying cause will help restore healthy bowel function.