CBD (cannabidiol) has become increasingly popular as a supplement for both humans and pets in recent years. CBD is a chemical compound found in cannabis plants and offers numerous potential health benefits. Unlike THC, another compound found in cannabis, CBD is not psychoactive and does not produce a “high”. When it comes to dogs, CBD has been shown to help with issues like anxiety, pain, seizures, and more. But how exactly does CBD work in the canine brain and body? Here is an in-depth look at the effects of CBD on a dog’s brain.
How CBD Works in the Canine Brain
To understand how CBD affects a dog’s brain, it’s important to first understand the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is a biological system found in all mammals that is made up of endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, and metabolic enzymes. Endocannabinoids are signaling molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors throughout the body and brain. This system helps regulate various physiological processes including pain, memory, mood, appetite, and more.
Dogs have a high concentration of cannabinoid receptors in their brains, especially in the limbic and amygdala areas which control emotions, pain processing, and more. When CBD is introduced into a dog’s body, it indirectly interacts with the ECS by inhibiting the metabolic enzymes that break down endocannabinoids. This allows the natural endocannabinoids to stay active longer and provide more benefits.
Some key ways CBD affects a dog’s brain include:
Pain Relief
CBD has been shown to reduce pain and inflammation by interacting with CB1 and CB2 receptors which influence pain perception. This can help provide relief from chronic pain, arthritis, nerve issues, and more. The calming effect on the brain also reduces pain signal intensity.
Reduced Anxiety
Research shows CBD can elevate mood and reduce anxiety by increasing serotonin levels and stimulating hippocampus neurogenesis. The hippocampus regulates emotions and the generation of new brain cells in this region improves mood and emotional regulation.
Anti-Seizure
CBD may help reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures by blocking glutamate and regulating neuron firing in the brain. This anticonvulsant effect helps dogs with epilepsy.
Improved Sleep
By interacting with CB1 receptors which play a role in sleep/wake cycles, CBD can help dogs fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. This improves quality of sleep.
Neuroprotective
CBD is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the brain from damage caused by toxins and free radicals. It also stimulates gene expression and protein synthesis which bolsters overall brain health.
How Long Does CBD Last in a Dog’s System?
When you give your dog CBD, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and interacts with the endocannabinoid system. But how long do the effects last? This depends on several factors:
Method of Administration
– CBD pet oils/tinctures: 4-8 hours
– CBD edibles: 4-8 hours
– CBD capsules: 6-8 hours
– Topical CBD: 4-6 hours
Oils and edibles absorb through the digestive tract so they take longer to kick in but have a more prolonged effect. Topicals absorb into the skin so they act faster.
Potency
Higher potency CBD (25mg or more per dose) will generally last longer in a dog’s system than low potencies. The more CBD present, the longer it takes to metabolize and exit the body.
Dog Size/Weight
Larger, heavier dogs require higher CBD doses. With more CBD present, the effects will be longer lasting when compared to smaller dogs.
Frequency of Use
For dogs taking CBD routinely/daily, it builds up in the system leading to longer lasting effects compared to periodic use which clears faster.
Quality of Product
High quality, pure CBD from reputable brands lasts longer in a dog’s body than inferior products. Make sure to use organic, lab-tested CBD.
Is CBD Safe for Dogs?
While CBD is generally well-tolerated and safe for dogs, there are some potential side effects to be aware of. It’s important to talk to your vet before giving CBD to your dog.
Possible Minor Side Effects
– Drowsiness/lethargy
– Dry mouth
– Dizziness
– Diarrhea
– Changes in appetite
These mild effects often resolve on their own within hours but let your vet know if they persist or worsen.
More Serious Side Effects
In very rare cases, CBD may cause:
– Liver damage if extremely high doses are given long-term
– Interactions with other medications (ex: blood thinners)
– Allergies manifesting as hives, itchiness, or swelling
That’s why proper dosing based on your dog’s weight and talking to your vet is crucial. Most dogs tolerate CBD very well but each dog’s reaction may be different.
Is CBD Toxic to Dogs?
There have been no reports of fatal CBD overdoses in dogs. However, extremely high amounts of CBD could potentially cause vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, tremors, or drowsiness. Always start with small doses and monitor your dog’s reaction.
What is the Correct CBD Dosage for Dogs?
Dosing CBD for dogs takes some careful calculation and monitoring to ensure safety and efficacy. Here are some basic dosing guidelines:
By Weight
– Under 10 lbs: 0.5 – 2 mg CBD per dose
– 10 – 25 lbs: 2 – 4 mg CBD per dose
– 25 – 50 lbs: 4 – 8 mg CBD per dose
– Over 50 lbs: 6 – 12 mg CBD per dose
Start at lowest end of range based on weight and monitor effects. Increase gradually if needed.
By Product Type
– CBD oils: 1 drop per 10 lbs body weight
– CBD treats: Follow package instructions
– CBD capsules: 0.25 mg per lb of body weight
Start Low, Go Slow
It’s best to start with the lowest effective dose based on the above guidelines and increase slowly every few days if needed. This allows you to find the “sweet spot” dose with minimal side effects.
Consistency is Key
Administer CBD at the same times each day for the most consistent results. Many owners find 2x a day works well.
Talk to Your Vet
Your vet is the best resource for calibrating the optimal CBD dose for your specific dog based on their health history and weight. A vet can guide ongoing dosage adjustments.
What are the Best Ways to Give Dogs CBD?
CBD is versatile and can be given to dogs in several forms. Here are some of the most popular and effective delivery methods:
CBD Oils and Tinctures
CBD oils that are specially formulated for pets are easy to administer by mouth. Just drop the oil into your dog’s food or directly into their mouth. Oils allow precise dosage control.
CBD Dog Treats/Edibles
These are an easy way to administer CBD and dogs love the flavor! Just give your dog 1-2 treats per dose. It may be harder to control exact dosing with treats.
CBD Capsules
CBD capsules make dosing straightforward. Capsules come in specific concentrations so you know exactly how much CBD is in each one. Just give your dog the appropriate number of capsules.
Topical CBD
CBD infused creams, balms and sprays can be applied directly to your dog’s skin for targeted relief. This is great for arthritic joints or irritated skin. Simply massage into affected area.
Water Soluble CBD
Water soluble CBD formulas mix easily into your dog’s water bowl. This allows for convenient daylong CBD administration through their drinking water.
What Conditions is CBD used for in Dogs?
Research shows CBD can potentially help relieve many common canine health complaints. Here are five key uses of CBD for dogs:
| Condition | How CBD May Help |
|---|---|
| Arthritis | Reduces pain and inflammation in joints |
| Epilepsy & Seizures | Decreases seizure frequency and intensity |
| Anxiety | Calms nervous behavior like separation anxiety |
| Appetite Issues | Stimulates appetite |
| Aggression | Reduces aggression from stress/anxiety |
Always consult your vet before using CBD to ensure proper diagnosis and oversight.
Other Uses
Research also shows potential benefits for:
– Chronic pain
– Cancer symptoms
– Skin allergies
– Digestive issues
– Nausea
– Inflammatory bowel disease
– Neurological disorders
More studies are needed but the outlook is promising for CBD’s wide application.
Things to Consider Before Giving Your Dog CBD
If you’re thinking of giving your furry friend CBD, here are some important considerations:
Talk to Your Vet First
Your vet knows your dog’s medical history best and can advise you on using CBD safely based on any health conditions or medications. They can also direct you on a dosage plan.
Review Any Side Effects
While most dogs tolerate CBD well, be aware of potential side effects like diarrhea or lethargy and monitor your dog after first administering CBD.
Choose High Quality Products
Look for organic CBD from reputable brands that provide third party lab testing to ensure purity and potency. Avoid any products with THC which is toxic for dogs.
Start with Low Doses
When first using CBD with your dog, start with small doses based on their weight and go up slowly until you find the most effective amount.
Monitor Results
Keep track of how your dog responds to CBD and at what doses. This will help you dial in the optimal routine and results.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is CBD Given to Dogs?
The most common ways to give CBD to dogs are orally through oils, treats, capsules or added to their food. You can also apply topical CBD products to their skin or give CBD infused water. CBD is not administered via smoking or injections.
How Quickly Does CBD Work in Dogs?
When given orally, CBD effects take 2 – 4 hours to fully manifest. However, many owners see behavioral changes in as little as 30 – 60 minutes. Topical CBD works within 15 – 30 minutes.
Can I Give My Dog Human CBD Oil?
You should avoid human CBD oils as they often contain additives not meant for pets. Instead choose a pet-specific product formulated for dog physiology and safety. Dosing is also different between human and pet CBD.
Is Hemp Oil the Same as CBD Oil?
Hemp oil comes from hemp seeds and contains no CBD. CBD oil is extracted from hemp flowers and leaves and contains high levels of CBD but only trace amounts of THC. Both provide benefits but work differently.
Does CBD Interact with Medications?
CBD may interact with certain medications like blood thinners and seizure drugs. Always consult your vet first if your dog is taking any regular medications and monitor closely when starting CBD.
The Takeaway
Research increasingly shows CBD can provide many therapeutic effects for dogs. It works by interacting with the endocannabinoid system to alter pain signaling, reduce inflammation, improve mood and more. While most dogs tolerate CBD well, proper dosing based on weight and vet approval is key. When buying CBD products for your pup, only choose high-quality, organic formulas from reputable brands. With some care and oversight, CBD can be a great addition to your dog’s wellness routine.