It is a common perception that men are more likely to get sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared to women. There are several reasons why this perception exists:
Men are more promiscuous
Studies have shown that men tend to have more sexual partners than women. Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of contracting STIs. Men are also more likely to visit sex workers, further increasing their risk.
Lower use of protection
Condom use is lower among men compared to women. This puts men at a higher risk of catching STIs during unprotected sex.
Difficulty accessing health services
Men are less likely than women to get tested for STIs. This means infections often go undiagnosed and untreated in men.
Biological factors
There are also some biological reasons that make it easier for men to contract STIs:
Penile anatomy
The penile anatomy makes it easier for viruses and bacteria to enter the male urethra. The mucosa lining the urethra is delicate and prone to microtears during intercourse, creating an entry point for pathogens.
Foreskin
Uncircumcised men with foreskin are at higher risk as the moist environment under the foreskin can harbor microorganisms. The foreskin also contains numerous immune cells that viruses like HIV can target.
Urethral length
The female urethra is shorter making it harder for viruses and bacteria to ascend into the bladder and reproductive tract. The longer male urethra provides easier access.
Hormones
The testosterone in men leads to a weaker immune response compared to the estrogen in women. This makes it harder for men to fight off infections once exposed.
Which STIs are more common in men?
Some STIs are more prevalent among men:
Chlamydia
Men account for a greater proportion of chlamydia cases compared to women. The rates of infection are highest among young men under 25 years.
Gonorrhea
Like chlamydia, reported cases of gonorrhea are higher in men. The urethra and penis are more suited to harbor Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
HPV
The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) related disease is higher in men. HPV can lead to penile and anal cancer in men.
Syphilis
Syphilis outbreaks are occurring among men who have sex with men. The ulcers caused by syphilis make it easier to transmit and acquire HIV as well.
| STI | Male-to-female ratio |
|---|---|
| Chlamydia | 1.7:1 |
| Gonorrhea | 1.9:1 |
| HPV | 5.5:1 |
| Syphilis | 6.5:1 |
Conclusion
In summary, while women bear the brunt of the complications caused by STIs, it is easier for men to acquire these infections in the first place. The reasons are multifactorial including behavior, anatomy, hormones and access to health services. Targeted interventions like promoting safe sexual practices, routine screening and vaccination can help reduce the incidence of STIs in both men and women.