Is hitting a dog for discipline?

Hitting a dog is a controversial topic. Some dog owners believe that hitting or physically punishing a dog is an acceptable form of discipline, while others believe it is abusive and ineffective. In this article, we will examine both sides of the debate around hitting dogs and look at what expert opinions and research says about the impacts and ethics of physically punishing dogs.

Table of Contents

What are the Arguments in Favor of Hitting Dogs?

Some dog owners argue that hitting or physically punishing dogs is acceptable and necessary in certain situations. Here are some of the common arguments made in defense of hitting dogs:

It gets quick results – Some argue that hitting a dog gets their attention and stops unwanted behaviors faster than other methods.
It establishes dominance – Hitting a dog may establish the human as the “alpha” and reinforce the human’s dominance in the relationship.
It mimics dog behavior – In nature, dogs sometimes use physicality like biting or tackling to correct each other’s behavior. Hitting mimics this “natural” approach.

Some breeds require it – Proponents argue more stubborn or strong-willed breeds only respond to physical corrections.
It’s the way I was taught – Many who hit dogs say that is how they themselves were taught to train dogs by parents, other family members or books/media.

While these arguments are common, it is important to note that none provide sufficient justification according to experts and research. We will examine the problems with these arguments next.

What Are the Problems with These Arguments?

There are a number of issues with the common arguments in defense of hitting dogs for discipline:

Quick results do not equal long-term learning – While hitting may quickly stop a behavior, it does not teach the dog the proper behavior. The dog is likely to repeat unwanted behaviors in the future.
Dominance has been discredited – Dog training experts point out that the dominance theory has been discredited and dogs do not need to be “dominated” by force or hitting.

Dogs aren’t wolves – While a wolf mother may use physical corrections with wolf cubs, dogs are not wolves. They have evolved over generations to communicate with and understand humans.
Breed is not relevant – No studies support that certain breeds require or uniquely respond to hitting or physical punishment. Individual personalities are more relevant.
Traditions change with learning – While many were taught to hit dogs in the past, our understanding of dog psychology has progressed. New knowledge should inform new, humane approaches.

In summary, most arguments defending hitting dogs stem from outdated or mistaken beliefs about dog behavior and psychology. Modern science-based training methods have debunked many of these myths.

What Does Research Say About Hitting Dogs?

A growing body of research is providing evidence on the risks of hitting dogs and more effective humane alternatives:

Hitting often increases aggression – Multiple studies find that the use of physical punishment like hitting tends to increase aggression in dogs over time. It risks making dogs fearful or defensive.

Dogs do not understand discipline – Research finds that while dogs have good short-term memory, they do not appear to be able to associate punishment with their actions long after those actions have occurred. They do not interpret hitting as “discipline.”
Positive reinforcement works better – Studies consistently show reward-based training, where desired behaviors are positively reinforced, works better than punishment to change behaviors long-term.
Risk of physical injury – Hitting carries a risk of causing direct physical harm to a dog, especially if done with excessive force, with an object, or around sensitive areas like the face.

The conclusion from scientific studies is very clear – hitting is an ineffective form of discipline for dogs that risks making behaviors worse, not better. Much better results can be achieved with positive reinforcement and humane techniques.

Positions From Experts

Highly regarded dog experts overwhelmingly oppose hitting dogs and view it as unacceptable. Here are some positions from prominent organizations and trainers:

American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior – “Punishment-based training methods are associated with increased aggression and stress in dogs.” The group advocates reward-based training.

Victoria Stilwell, TV Dog Trainer – “There is never a reason or occasion to hit your dog. It accomplishes absolutely nothing but creating fear.”
Cesar Milan, The Dog Whisperer – “I don’t advocate hitting dogs as a first choice… If we put fear into the animal, it’s not going to work for us.”
ASPCA – “A basic ethical principle of working with any animal is to use the approach that will cause the least harm… we must find the most humane and effective approach.” They advocate against physical punishment.

These and many other respected voices argue clearly that there are no circumstances where hitting a dog is necessary, effective or ethically acceptable.

Potential Risks and Complications of Hitting Dogs

Beyond the inherent ineffectiveness and ethics of hitting dogs, physically striking dogs also risks serious negative consequences, including:

Fear & distrust – Dogs may become fearful of their owner and/or aggressive if routinely physically punished.

Injury – Blows to dogs can injure them or break bones, especially if done in anger with excessive force.
Escalation – Owners who start with hitting may escalate over time to more excessive physical punishment like kicking.
Misdirected aggression – Frustration from being hit may lead to the dog being aggressive towards weaker beings like children.

Suppression, not addressing the cause – Hitting only suppresses behaviors temporarily and does not address underlying motivations behind unwanted behaviors.
Legal liability – In many places, hitting a dog hard enough to cause pain or injury may constitute animal cruelty with legal penalties.

The risks and downsides of attempting to hit dogs as discipline vastly outweigh any perceived benefits. Even a light strike carries the above risks of damaging the human-animal bond and relationship.

When Is Hitting Dogs Considered Abuse or Cruelty?

There is no universally accepted dividing line between “discipline” and outright abuse when physically punishing dogs. However guidelines include:

Leaving visible physical injury – Bruising, cuts or limping is a sign of excessive unacceptable force.
Striking sensitive areas – Hitting dogs near the face, head or abdomen is difficult to justify.

Using tools or weapons – Striking with heavy objects will likely be legally classed as abuse.
Acting out of anger – Hitting from frustration, not training purposes, is not discipline.
Hitting puppies – Young puppies should never be physically punished.

Authorities will consider context and degree of force in determining if a particular instance of hitting a dog is considered cruelty. The safest and most ethical option is to avoid all forms of physical punishment.

What Are the Alternatives to Hitting Dogs for Discipline?

There are many humane, effective ways to train dogs and address problem behaviors without resorting to hitting:

Positive reinforcement – Reward good behaviors you want to see more of.

Redirection – Divert the dog’s attention elsewhere to interrupt and refocus.
Firm, calm commands – Use an authoritative tone without yelling or hitting.
Head halter training aids – Halters gently discourage pulling and reinforce paying attention to the handler.

Consulting trainers & behaviorists – Seek professional guidance tailored to your dog’s unique issues.
Address root causes like anxiety – Medications, natural supplements, pheromones etc. can help address underlying issues driving unwanted behaviors without punishment.

While results may not be instant, positive reinforcement and humane techniques have been scientifically proven to work and create better long-term behaviors.

How to Discipline Your Dog Positively

Here are some do’s and don’ts to remember when disciplining your dog in a positive, humane way:

Do:

Set clear rules and stick to them.

Be consistent in training and expectations.
Use praise, treats and rewards to reinforce wanted behaviors.
Interrupt unwanted behaviors with a firm “No” or distraction.

Be patient – dog training takes commitment and time.

Don’t:

Hit, kick or use physical punishment.

Yell or become emotionally reactive.
Punish long after the behavior occurred.
Expect overnight miracles. Change takes time.

While being a pet parent requires discipline, be compassionate. No dog is perfect, but all dogs respond best to kindness, consistency and positive motivation. Never act out of anger or frustration.

Conclusion

In summary, while many owners feel hitting and physically punishing dogs is justified discipline, experts widely agree it is unethical, ineffective, and carries serious risks. A growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that positive reinforcement works better long-term and avoids the dangers of hitting dogs. While changing ingrained habits takes work and patience, modern dog parents should rule out hitting from their disciplinary toolbox and find more humane methods that create lasting change.