Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays many important roles in canine health. However, too much copper can be toxic. Copper proteinate is a chelated form of copper that is more bioavailable than other forms. This increased bioavailability makes copper more readily absorbed and utilized by the body. However, it also increases the risk of toxicity if too much is consumed. So is copper proteinate safe for dogs? Here is a detailed look at the benefits and risks of copper proteinate for canines.
What is copper proteinate?
Copper proteinate is a chelated form of copper that is attached to amino acids or protein. This organic form of copper is more bioavailable than inorganic copper supplements. Bioavailability refers to how much of a nutrient is absorbed and utilized by the body.
Copper proteinate is able to bypass the absorption issues that can happen with inorganic copper sources. The amino acids in copper proteinate help transport the copper smoothly across the intestinal wall so it can be better absorbed. The protein also protects the copper from binding with ligands in the digestive tract that can inhibit absorption.
The end result is that a much higher percentage of copper from copper proteinate makes it into circulation to be used by the body. Some experts estimate the bioavailability of copper proteinate to be as high as 60-80% versus only 10-15% for inorganic copper sulfate.
Benefits of copper proteinate
There are several benefits associated with the high bioavailability of copper proteinate for dogs:
Better nutrient utilization
The enhanced absorption of copper proteinate translates to better utilization of this essential mineral. Your dog is able to efficiently absorb and use more of the copper content.
Can prevent copper deficiency
The bioavailable nature of copper proteinate makes it useful for preventing or treating copper deficiency in dogs. Copper deficiency is uncommon but can cause health issues like anemia, brittle bones, and coat problems.
Supports immune function
Copper plays an important role in the production and activity of immune cells. The white blood cells rely on copper to fight off invaders and regulate inflammation.
Needed for iron metabolism
Copper is required for iron absorption and transport. It helps incorporate iron into hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood.
Antioxidant benefits
Copper has antioxidant properties to neutralize free radicals and prevent cell damage. This helps fight inflammation and disease.
Supports brain health
Copper is needed to produce key brain neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin. It also helps with myelination of nerve cells.
Healthy bones and joints
Copper stimulates collagen production which gives structural support to bones and connective tissues. It also has anti-inflammatory effects.
Promotes thyroid health
Copper containing enzymes help convert T4 thyroid hormone into the active T3 form.
Supports hair and skin health
The collagen production and anti-inflammatory effects of copper contribute to healthy skin and hair coat.
Cardiovascular benefits
Copper has been shown to improve cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure. Both benefits reduce heart disease risk.
Potential risks of copper proteinate
While there are demonstrated benefits to copper proteinate for dogs, there are also some potential risks:
Toxicity
The high bioavailability of chelated copper increases the risk of toxicity if too much is consumed. Excess copper accumulation can damage the liver and other vital organs.
Sensitive dogs
Certain dogs are more prone to copper storage problems and toxicity. Breeds like Bedlington terriers have a genetic mutation that impairs copper excretion.
High copper diets
Some dog foods already contain adequate or even high levels of copper. Adding copper proteinate supplements on top may push levels into the toxic range over time.
Accumulates in body
Unlike water soluble forms of minerals, copper proteinate that is not utilized right away gets stored in the body for later use. Excess storage can lead to toxicity issues.
Interactions
Excessively high levels of zinc, vitamin C, or iron can interfere with copper absorption and increase the risk of toxicity.
Is copper proteinate FDA approved?
The FDA has approved copper proteinate as a food additive and supplement ingredient for animals. However, each individual product containing copper proteinate still needs to be approved by the FDA before being allowed on the market. The manufacturer must provide safety evidence and be prepared to issue a recall if adverse effects are reported.
So while the FDA has approved copper proteinate itself, you still need to look for their seal of approval on any supplement, food, treat or other product containing copper proteinate that your dog consumes. Responsible manufacturers will submit their products for approval and include the FDA registration number on the packaging.
How much copper proteinate can dogs have?
The maximum safe upper limit for daily copper intake depends partly on the size of the dog:
– Small dogs under 20 lbs: 3 mg
– Medium dogs 21-55 lbs: 6 mg
– Large dogs over 55 lbs: 9 mg
The concentration of copper in copper proteinate supplements varies by brand. It’s important to stay below the upper limit based on your dog’s size. Work with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of copper proteinate for your dog based on their current copper status and overall health.
Provide the least amount needed to correct a deficiency or maintain good health. More is not necessarily better when it comes to copper supplementation due to the risk of toxicity.
Signs of copper proteinate toxicity
Look out for the following symptoms that may signal copper overload:
– Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite
– Yellowing of eyes, gums, or skin (jaundice)
– Dark urine
– Abdominal pain, cramping
– Lethargy, weakness
– Increased drinking and urination
– Fast breathing rate
– Anemia (pale gums)
Caught early, copper toxicity can often be treated by stopping copper supplements. However, severe cases can lead to liver failure and permanent damage or even death.
Routine blood work to check liver function is important anytime dogs are given copper supplements like copper proteinate. Contact your vet immediately if you notice any symptoms of toxicity.
Tips for safe use of copper proteinate
You can minimize the risks of problems when giving your dog copper proteinate by following these tips:
– Only use brands approved by your veterinarian or the FDA
– Follow label dosing recommendations carefully
– Have your vet do baseline blood work first
– Do not exceed the upper limit based on your dog’s size
– Periodically recheck bloodwork
– Watch closely for any signs of toxicity
– Take occasional breaks from supplementation
– Ensure your dog’s overall diet is not already copper-rich
Work closely with your vet and only obtain copper proteinate from reputable manufacturers. Carefully regulated use under professional guidance can allow you to maximize the benefits while avoiding toxicity.
Best sources of copper for dogs
While copper proteinate has better bioavailability, you can also meet your dog’s copper needs through food sources:
Liver
Liver is by far the richest source of highly bioavailable copper. But do not feed liver more than once a week due to its high vitamin A content.
Oysters
Oysters provide more copper per gram than any other food. Feed cooked oysters occasionally as a tasty copper treat.
Nuts
Nuts like cashews, almonds, and pecans contain decent amounts of copper. Check for nut allergies first.
Beans
Beans are a good vegetarian source of copper for dogs. Try cooked lentils, chickpeas, navy beans, or edamame.
Potatoes
Potatoes with the skin provide a dose of copper along with other key minerals. Serve cooked cubes, slices, or mashed.
Shiitake mushrooms
These mushrooms offer a concentrated vegetarian copper option. Must be thoroughly cooked.
Dark chocolate
Look for dog-safe low-sugar chocolate with at least 70% cocoa for some copper content.
Sunflower seeds
These small crunchy seeds make a portable copper-rich treat for dogs. Offer raw or roasted.
Enriched cereals
Many fortified breakfast cereals and whole grain cereals contain added copper. Check labels for safety.
Asparagus
Chopped cooked asparagus can give your dog a serving of copper and other nutrients.
Is copper proteinate right for your dog?
Talk with your veterinarian to decide if copper proteinate is appropriate for your four-legged friend. Dogs with certain conditions may benefit from the enhanced utilization of this supplement:
– Copper deficiency
– Anemia
– Neurological issues
– Thyroid problems
– Joint disorders
– Chronic infections
– Puppies or lactating females with increased needs
However, other situations may make copper proteinate inadvisable or require close monitoring:
– Evidence of liver disease
– Certain breeds prone to copper toxicity
– Kidney problems that reduce copper excretion
– Taking high copper foods or other supplements
– On a raw food diet with naturally high copper content
While copper proteinate can be a useful supplement, proper dosing and monitoring is key to safety. Work closely with your vet to ensure it is the right choice for your dog.
Conclusion
Copper proteinate offers more bioavailable copper for dogs to promote many aspects of health. However, excess copper can accumulate and cause toxicity. Following label directions carefully, choosing quality products, and having your vet monitor blood levels minimizes the risks. Used responsibly under veterinary supervision, copper proteinate can be a safe and beneficial supplement for some dogs. Monitor your dog closely and discontinue use if any adverse effects appear.