Bleeding for 15 consecutive days can be alarming for many women. However, in some cases it may be considered normal. Here is a quick overview of what may cause prolonged bleeding and when you should see a doctor.
What is Normal Menstruation?
A normal menstrual period typically lasts between 3-7 days. Bleeding lasts around 4-5 days on average. Cycles generally occur every 21-35 days. Any bleeding outside of these norms may be considered abnormal.
Common Causes of Prolonged Bleeding
Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances involving estrogen and progesterone can lead to irregular menstrual cycles. This includes bleeding for longer than normal. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders may be underlying causes.
Uterine or Cervical Abnormalities
Structural problems in the uterus or cervix can sometimes result in prolonged bleeding. Examples include polyps, fibroids, endometriosis, or cervical inflammation.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
Some IUDs that release progesterone can initially cause irregular bleeding. This may last over 2-3 months as the body adjusts.
Blood Thinners
Medications that thin the blood, like anticoagulants or aspirin, can contribute to heavier and prolonged periods.
Pregnancy Complications
In some cases, vaginal bleeding for over 15 days may indicate issues with pregnancy. An early miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy should be evaluated.
When to See a Doctor
You should make an appointment with your doctor if you experience any of the following:
- Bleeding for more than 15 days
- Bleeding that soaks a pad/tampon every 1-2 hours
- Passing large blood clots
- Severe cramping or pain
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding after sex
Prolonged or excessive bleeding can be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs proper diagnosis and treatment. It may lead to anemia if left untreated.
Diagnosing Causes of Prolonged Bleeding
To determine the cause of abnormal bleeding, your doctor may recommend:
- Physical exam
- Pelvic exam
- Pregnancy test
- Blood tests
- Ultrasound
- Biopsy of the uterine lining
- Hysteroscopy (examining the uterus with a camera)
Treatment Options
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause found. Options may include:
- Hormonal birth control – Can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding
- NSAIDs – Over-the-counter pain relievers help reduce heavy bleeding
- Iron supplements – Replace iron levels lowered by excess bleeding
- Medications – Such as tranexamic acid or birth control pills help stabilize hormones
- IUD removal/replacement – If prolonged bleeding is due to an IUD
- D&C procedure – Removes uterine lining to control heavy bleeding
- Hysteroscopy – Allows surgical removal of polyps or fibroids
- Endometrial ablation – Destroys uterine lining to reduce bleeding
- Hysterectomy – Surgical removal of the uterus (in severe cases)
When Bleeding is Normal
In some circumstances, bleeding for longer periods can be considered normal. This includes:
- Starting menstruation (periods are irregular)
- Nearing menopause (cycles become irregular)
- After childbirth up to 6 weeks
- While breastfeeding before periods resume
- Using certain IUDs initially
However, if you are concerned about prolonged bleeding at any age, discuss it with your doctor.
Preventing Heavy or Prolonged Bleeding
Some tips to help prevent excessive menstrual bleeding include:
- Exercise regularly – this helps regulate hormones
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Reduce stress through yoga, meditation, etc
- Avoid smoking and excess alcohol
- Limit NSAID use which can worsen bleeding
- Take iron supplements leading up to your period
- Use a heating pad for cramps
- Wear dark underwear and pads to monitor bleeding
When to Seek Emergency Care
You should seek emergency medical care if you experience:
- Bleeding for over 15 days along with severe pain
- Bleeding that makes you dizzy or lightheaded
- Fainting from blood loss
- Sudden, severe onset of bleeding
- Bleeding that is not stopping
Excessive blood loss can lead to shock. If you have symptoms like confusion, rapid heart rate, and sweating, call 911 or have someone drive you to the ER.
Conclusion
Bleeding for 15 days or longer should be evaluated by your doctor. In some cases, it may be normal or due to temporary causes like IUD adjustment or hormones. However, prolonged bleeding can also indicate underlying health conditions needing prompt diagnosis and care. Keep track of your cycles and report abnormal bleeding to your doctor. If you experience severe bleeding or hemorrhaging, seek emergency help immediately.