Fungal infections of the scalp, also known as tinea capitis, are quite common. They are caused by dermatophytes, fungi that can infect the skin, hair, and nails. The most common symptoms of a fungal scalp infection include:
Itching
The scalp may become very itchy before any other symptoms appear. Itching is caused by inflammation and irritation from the infection.
Scaly Patches
As the infection progresses, it can cause red, scaly patches on the scalp. These patches may flake or peel. The skin may look dry and brittle.
Hair Loss
Fungal infections can cause hair loss. You may notice thinning hair or bald patches where the infection has taken hold.
Crusting of the Scalp
Thick crusts may form on areas of the scalp affected by the fungal infection. Pus may be present under the crusts.
Redness and Inflammation
The areas of the scalp infected with fungus can become red, swollen and tender to the touch.
When to See a Doctor
You should see a doctor if you have any of the symptoms above to get a proper diagnosis. Fungal scalp infections can sometimes be mistaken for other conditions like psoriasis or eczema. Seeing a dermatologist will help determine if a fungal infection is the cause.
A doctor can take skin scrapings or pluck hairs from affected areas, and these samples can then be viewed under a microscope or sent for fungal culture to identify the type of fungus causing infection. This will determine the proper treatment.
Risk Factors
You may be more prone to developing a fungal scalp infection if:
- You have a weakened immune system from illness or medication
- You have a chronic skin condition like eczema or psoriasis
- You participate in contact sports like wrestling where skin contact is frequent
- You have diabetes, cancer or HIV/AIDS
- You share hairbrushes, combs, hats, or other personal items
Home Treatment
While you should see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment, you can try these home remedies for some relief:
- Tea tree oil – This natural antifungal may help mild infections when applied directly to the scalp. Use a few drops mixed with a carrier oil.
- Apple cider vinegar – The acidity fights fungus. Dilute ACV with water and use as a scalp rinse.
- Natural antifungal shampoos – Look for shampoos with tea tree, jojoba, grapefruit seed extract or other antifungals.
- Keep scalp clean and dry – Avoid shared hair items, wash hair frequently, and dry thoroughly after showers.
Medical Treatments
To properly clear a fungal scalp infection, prescription antifungal treatments are typically needed:
- Oral antifungals – Pills like terbinafine, itraconazole or fluconazole.
- Antifungal shampoos – Containing ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or pyrithione zinc.
- Antifungal creams – Such as miconazole, clotrimazole or terbinafine to apply to affected areas.
Treatment duration is usually 4-12 weeks depending on severity. It is critical to finish the full course of treatment to ensure the fungal infection is fully eradicated.
Home Cleaning Tips
Since fungal spores can linger in the home environment, be sure to disinfect items that touch the scalp:
- Combs, brushes, headbands – Clean with a disinfectant cleaner or soak in rubbing alcohol for 1 hour.
- Hats, helmets, hair accessories – Wash in hot water and detergent or spray with disinfectant.
- Towels, pillowcases, bedding – Wash in very hot water and dry on high heat.
Cleaning all personal items and linens used will help prevent reinfection or spreading fungi to others in the household.
Prevention Tips
You can help prevent fungal infections of the scalp by:
- Not sharing personal hair items like combs or hats
- Keeping scalp clean and dry
- Using antifungal shampoo regularly if prone to infections
- Treating other skin conditions like psoriasis that could allow fungal infection
- Boosting immunity through diet, exercise, sleep and avoiding stress
With proper treatment, most fungal scalp infections can be cured within a few weeks. However, prompt medical attention is important to ensure the fungi do not permanently damage the hair follicles leading to permanent hair loss on infected areas.
Summary
- Look for symptoms like itching, scaly patches, redness and hair loss.
- See a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
- Oral and topical antifungals are typically needed to clear infection.
- Disinfect combs, brushes, helmets and other hair items.
- Practice good hygiene and don’t share personal items to prevent reinfection.