Quick answer
Yes, dogs can eat fish. Fish is a healthy source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids for dogs. Some types of fish, like salmon and sardines, are great for dogs. However, there are some risks with feeding fish to dogs, like mercury exposure and choking hazards from bones. Overall, fish can be a nutritious addition to a dog’s diet in moderation. Avoid feeding raw fish and make sure any fish is properly cooked before feeding to dogs.
Nutritional benefits of fish for dogs
Fish provides many nutritional benefits for dogs:
Protein
Fish is an excellent source of high-quality protein for dogs. Protein provides amino acids that are essential for building and maintaining muscle mass, supporting growth and development, and keeping the immune system strong. The protein in fish is highly bioavailable, meaning it is easy for dogs to digest and absorb.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Fish, especially fatty fish like salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA. Omega-3s offer many health benefits for dogs like supporting brain development and function, reducing inflammation, boosting the immune system, and improving skin and coat health. Most commercial dog foods do not contain optimal levels of omega-3s, so adding fish can help increase intake.
Vitamins and minerals
Fish provide dogs with vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, selenium, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, potassium, and B vitamins. These micronutrients support bone health, thyroid function, energy metabolism, immune function, muscle contractions, and more in dogs.
Best types of fish for dogs
The healthiest fish options for dogs include:
Salmon
Salmon is a fatty fish that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Look for wild-caught Alaskan salmon which tends to be lower in contaminants. Salmon should be cooked before feeding to dogs.
Sardines
Sardines are a small, oily fish that provide a concentrated dose of omega-3s. Look for sardines canned in water without added salt.
Mackerel
Mackerel is another fatty fish full of omega-3s. It can be fed cooked, canned, or smoked.
Pollock
Pollock is a whitefish that is a good source of lean protein. It has a mild flavor dogs tend to enjoy.
Herring
Herring is high in omega-3s and protein. Look for canned or pickled herring preserved in water.
Cod
Cod is a whitefish with a flaky texture. It is rich in protein, low in fat, and contains omega-3 fatty acids.
Fish to avoid for dogs
Some types of fish should be avoided or limited in a dog’s diet:
Tuna
While tuna is not toxic, it lacks nutritional value compared to other fish. The high levels of mercury in tuna can also be problematic if fed long-term. Limit tuna to occasional treats.
Tilefish
Tilefish is very high in mercury and should not be fed to dogs.
King mackerel
King mackerel is also very high in mercury and should be avoided.
Raw fish
Raw fish may contain harmful bacteria and parasites. Only feed your dog cooked fish that has been properly handled and stored.
Fish bones
Fish bones are a choking hazard and can also splinter and cause damage to the digestive tract. Make sure any fish is de-boned before feeding.
Benefits of fish for dogs
Here is a summary of the main benefits of fish for dogs:
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Protein source | Fish provides high-quality, easily digestible protein for dogs. |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | The omega-3s EPA and DHA in fish offer many health benefits for dogs. |
| Vitamins and minerals | Fish contain important vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, selenium, iodine and B vitamins. |
| Supports immune system | The nutrients in fish help strengthen the immune system. |
| Improves skin and coat | The omega-3s in fish enhance skin and coat health. |
| Boosts brain health | Omega-3s support cognitive function and brain development in dogs. |
| Anti-inflammatory effects | Omega-3s help reduce inflammation in dogs. |
Potential risks of feeding fish to dogs
While fish can be nutritious for dogs, there are also some potential risks, such as:
Mercury exposure
Some types of fish may contain high levels of mercury, like tuna and tilefish. Mercury can cause neurological problems if dogs ingest excessive amounts over time. Avoid feeding fish with high mercury content.
Parasites
Raw or undercooked fish may contain harmful parasites like flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms that can infect dogs if ingested. Always cook fish thoroughly before feeding.
Allergies
Some dogs may have allergies to fish. Discontinue feeding fish if any signs of allergy develop like itching, hives, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Bones
Fish bones can splinter and cause choking hazards or damage the digestive tract. Take care to completely debone any fish fed to dogs.
Imbalanced diet
Feeding too much fish could lead to an excess or deficiency of certain nutrients in the overall diet. Fish should be fed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
How to incorporate fish into a dog’s diet
Here are some tips for safely adding fish to your dog’s diet:
Start slowly
When first introducing fish, feed small amounts to check for any signs of an allergic reaction. Gradually increase to a few tablespoons per day over two weeks.
Cook thoroughly
Always cook fish to at least 145°F internal temperature to kill any potential parasites or bacteria. Never feed raw fish.
Remove all bones
Carefully check the fish and remove all small bones before feeding to prevent choking or internal damage. Canned fish is already de-boned.
Moderate portion sizes
Fish should not make up more than 10% of your dog’s total caloric intake. For a 50 lb dog, 2-3 oz of fish daily or a few times weekly is sufficient.
Balance with other foods
Rotate different protein sources and combine fish with healthy carbohydrates, vegetables, and oils to create a nutritionally complete diet.
Use supplements if needed
If your dog won’t eat fish, omega-3 fatty acid supplements are available to provide the benefits of fish oil. Always consult your veterinarian before supplementing.
9 questions about feeding fish to dogs
1. Can I feed my dog raw fish?
No, raw fish should never be fed to dogs due to the risk of parasites and bacteria. Fish must be thoroughly cooked before feeding to dogs.
2. How often can dogs eat fish?
Feed fish to dogs in moderation a few times per week. Around 2-3 servings per week is a good amount for most dogs. Avoid feeding fish daily long-term.
3. What fish is best for dogs?
The healthiest fish for dogs include salmon, mackerel, sardines, pollock, herring, and cod. These are high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids.
4. Can I feed my dog canned fish?
Yes, canned fish like salmon or sardines are a great option. Look for varieties canned in water without added salt. Rinse before feeding to reduce sodium.
5. Can dogs have tuna fish?
Tuna is not toxic but has less nutritional value than other fish. Limit tuna to an occasional treat a few times a month due to the high mercury content.
6. Can I feed my dog fish daily?
It’s best not to feed fish to dogs daily long-term. Excessive fish consumption could lead to an imbalanced diet or mercury toxicity. Stick to a few times weekly.
7. Can I freeze fish for my dog?
You can safely freeze fish to feed later. Portion fish into bags or containers before freezing. Defrost in fridge before feeding.
8. What if my dog is allergic to fish?
If your dog has an allergic reaction to fish like vomiting or itchy skin, discontinue feeding fish and consult your vet. Don’t force a dog with a fish allergy to eat it.
9. Are fish bones safe for dogs?
No, fish bones can splinter and pose a choking hazard or internal injury risk. Always fully debone fish before feeding to dogs.
Fish recipes for dogs
Here are some simple, healthy recipes for cooking fish for dogs:
Baked Salmon and Sweet Potatoes
Ingredients:
- 3 oz salmon fillet
- 1 small sweet potato, cooked and mashed
- 1 tsp olive oil
- 1⁄4 cup green beans, chopped
Instructions:
- Preheat oven to 400°F.
- Place salmon skin-side down on baking sheet.
- Bake for 10-12 minutes until fish flakes easily.
- Cool and flake salmon, removing any bones.
- Mix cooked sweet potato, olive oil, green beans and salmon together.
- Portion into dog’s bowl and serve.
Poached Cod with Carrots
Ingredients:
- 4 oz cod fillet
- 1 cup chicken or vegetable broth
- 1 cup baby carrots, chopped
- 1 tbsp parsley, chopped
Instructions:
- Bring broth to a gentle simmer in a skillet.
- Add cod fillet and poach for 6-8 minutes until fish is opaque.
- Remove cod and set aside to cool.
- Add carrots to broth and simmer for 5 minutes until tender.
- Flake cod into pieces, removing any bones.
- Drain carrots and mix with cod flakes and parsley.
- Let cool before serving.
Conclusion
Fish can be a healthy part of a balanced homemade diet for dogs. Focus on fish high in omega-3s like salmon, sardines, and mackerel. Always cook fish fully before feeding and be cautious of bones. Feed fish in moderation along with other protein sources, fruits, veggies, and whole grains for a complete and nutritious diet. Consulting your veterinarian can help determine optimal amounts and frequency of fish for your dog based on their health, size, and needs.